Which term describes the relationship of one species to another within the framework of evolutionary biology?

The term that describes the relationship of one species to another within the framework of evolutionary biology is phylogeny. Phylogeny represents the evolutionary history and lineage of species, illustrating how they are related through common ancestors. This concept often utilizes phylogenetic trees or diagrams to visually depict the evolutionary pathways and connections between different organisms, highlighting their shared lineage and divergence over time.

In contrast, taxonomy refers to the science of naming and classifying organisms based on shared characteristics, but it does not inherently address the evolutionary relationships between those organisms. Systematics, while closely related to phylogeny, encompasses a broader approach involving not only the classification of organisms but also the study of their evolutionary relationships. Classification is a fundamental aspect of organizing biological diversity but lacks the specific focus on the evolutionary connections that phylogeny provides. Thus, phylogeny is the most accurate term to describe the evolutionary relationships among species.