What are ecotypes?

Ecotypes refer to locally adapted variants of a species that have developed distinct genetic differences due to the specific environmental pressures in their habitat. This concept highlights how populations of the same species can evolve differently based on their local conditions, such as climate, soil type, and availability of resources.

For example, a plant species may produce ecotypes that are better suited for either dry or wet environments, with genetic adaptations that enhance their survival and reproduction in those specific conditions. This genetic divergence can arise from natural selection acting differently in varying environments, leading to variations in traits such as flowering time, drought resistance, or pest resistance.

This concept is crucial for understanding biodiversity and species adaptation, as it illustrates how environmental factors can shape the genetic structure of populations within the same species.