Which type of selection is characterized by favoring intermediate phenotypes?

Stabilizing selection is characterized by favoring intermediate phenotypes, as it works to maintain the status quo in a population by selecting against extreme variations. This type of natural selection reduces variation by promoting average traits that enhance survival and reproductive success in a given environment. For example, in a population of birds, those with very large or very small body sizes may face challenges in finding food or avoiding predators. Thus, birds of intermediate size may thrive best, leading to a concentration of this trait over generations.

In contrast, directional selection favors one extreme phenotype, shifting the population's traits in one direction. Disruptive selection encourages the prevalence of extreme traits and can lead to two distinct phenotypes within the same population. Sexual selection is focused on traits that increase an individual's chances of attracting mates rather than survival. Hence, stabilizing selection is unique in its emphasis on intermediate traits, promoting stability within the population.